The continuous manuscripts of Pliny’s Natural history, one of the longest and most influential classical works to have survived, number over 120, some 70 of them produced in 15th-century Italy. Made by full collation of selected passages in every witness and by codicological study where necessary, this is the first attempt not only to determine the authorities for the text but also to show how the tradition developed from the Carolingian revival to the Renaissance. Included are editions of both the Suetonian Vita and the Brevis adnotatio de duobus Pliniis of Giovanni de Matociis. A profile is offered of Ioannes Camers, who compiled the first substantial index, and due credit given to the pioneering work of Detlef Detlefsen (1833-1911) and articles published from 1979 to 2014 by Hermann Walter.