Until now, the problem of tuning instruments has been viewed as an aspect of philologically correct performance practice. Besides several chapters dealing with this important latter aspect, the volume also devotes ample space to the evolution of the tuning problem from a purely scientific point of view, starting from the Scientific Revolution and more particularly during the Enlightenment, with the decisive development of a new science: “Acoustics”. It consists of a series of articles, most already published in Italian, presented here in English translation -revised, restructured, partly rewritten, expanded (in some cases radically) -and distributed over 21 chapters.