This two-volume work gathers the Proceedings of the XXX Conference of the Italian National Institute for Etruscan and Italic Studies held in Bologna in 2022. Sixty years after the last such conference, arising from the discovery and excavation of the Valle Pega necropolis at Spina, it takes stock of a state of knowledge that has radically changed thanks to new discoveries and the research conducted in the region using cutting-edge methodologies. These two volumes collect numerous papers focusing on three main lines of research: the city and its territory – from its origins in the 10th century BCE to its urban configuration and political reorganization in the 6th and 5th centuries BCE–; burial rites and funerary ideology; and finally, trade and the cultural interactions between the Etruscans of the Po valley and neighbouring peoples. The result is an overview of the rich and complex historical and archaeological documentation on this area that is of extraordinary scholarly importance.