This book examines the National Gallery of Denmark’s principal holdings of pre-Renaissance and early Renaissance Italian painting, focusing on eleven gold-ground panels from Tuscany dating from c. 1320 to c. 1450. The paintings are considered in relation to their known or possible ecclesiastical and domestic contexts, exploring how gold grounds, narrative elements, color, frames, light, and location could shape the experience of medieval and Renaissance beholders. Questions of provenance, attribution, reconstruction, and devotional use are treated with due attention to the fragmentary condition and complex histories of many of the works. Informed by close visual analysis, contemporary religious thought, and documentary and historical sources, the study contributes to a deeper understanding of these panels both as devotional images and as late medieval and early Renaissance Italian paintings in a modern museum collection.