In this volume, ISMEO – The International Association for Mediterranean and Oriental Studies, publishes the proceedings of the Conference “Archaeology of Food – The Contribution of Italian and International Missions in Africa and Asia” (Palazzo Baleani, Rome, 26 May 2016). This is a first day of study that ISMEO has intended to dedicate to the work of some of its oldest archaeological missions focusing on the theme of nutrition, analyzed from all its many disciplinary perspectives. The Conference has intended to represent a point of convergence in the studies of Asia and Africa archaeology in a very wide diachronic dimension, and offered the opportunity for meeting and exchanging scientific views to the interdisciplinary and interregional research teams working under the aegis of ISMEO and other Italian and international institutions.